The 25 Important “Seals” (Mudra) and “Locks” (Bandha) of Hatha Yoga
(from the Gheranda-Samhita, Hatha-Yoga-Pradipika, and Shiva-Samhita)

There are twenty-five mudras, the practice of which gives success to the Yogis (Gheranda-Samhita 3.1).

The ten mudras listed in the Hatha-Yoga-Pradipika “annihilate old age and death. They have been explained by
Shiva and give eight kinds of divine wealth (i.e. the great “powers”: becoming small, becoming large, becoming
light, becoming heavy, coming within easy reach of everything, wish fulfillment, mastery and control over matter
and Nature). These Mudras should be kept secret by every means, as one keeps one’s box of jewelry, and should, on
no account, be told to anyone, just as a husband and wife keep their dealings secret” (HYP 3.7-9).

The Gheranda-Samhita describes 25 mudras and bandhas. The 10 mudras and bandhas described in the Hatha-Yoga-
Pradipika are indicated with a star (
*). The 10 mudras and bandhas described in the Shiva-Samhita are indicated
with a cross (
+).

GAZING (drishti) at the middle of the eyebrows is called bhru-madhya-drishti (“mid-brow gazing”) and is performed
in mudras marked with an up-triangle(▲). “WATER-PIPE SEAL” (jalandhara-bandha) is performed in the
mudra/bandha marked with a square (■).
Download the Mudra Practice
Click below to download the practice as a PDF:

NAME (Sanskrit)
English
Result
Method
1. ASHVINI-MUDRA
“Dawn-horse seal”
Invigorates the body, cures
diseases of the rectum, and
helps awaken
Kundalini-shakti
Contract and dilate the anal
sphincter muscle repeatedly
2. BHUJANGINI-MUDRA
“Serpent seal”
Destroys all stomach
diseases
Extend the neck a little
forward and draw in air
through the esophagus.
3. JALANDHARA-
BANDHA*+
“Water-pipe lock”
Closes the 16 adharas (vital
parts); destroys death; “he
who practices for six
months, becomes an adept
without doubt”
Press the chin and the top
of the sternum bone
together. The 16 vital parts
are the: thumbs, ankles,
knees, thighs, prepuce,
organs of generation,
navel, heart, neck, throat,
palate, nose, middle of the
eyebrows, forehead, head,
fontanelle
(brahma-randhra).
4. KAKI-MUDRA
“Crow seal”
Destroys all disease
Shape the mouth like a
crow's beak and then suck
in air.
5. KHECARI-MUDRA*+▲
“Space-walking seal”
Destroys disease, decay and
death; the body becomes
divine, it cannot be “burned
by fire, nor dried up by the
air, nor wetted by water,
nor bitten by snakes, it
becomes “beautiful”;
samadhi is quickly attained
Sit in Vajrasana. Close the
“holes of the nostrils
opening into the mouth”
with the tip of the tongue
(thus stopping inspiration).
The next three bandhas must be performed together (in the order 7, 6, 8). “These three are the great secrets”
(HYP 3.30):
8. MAHA-VEDHA*+■
“Great piercer”
Destroys decay and death
Sit in maha-bandha and
restrain the breath (after
exhalation) with
jalandhara-bandha. Then,
with the support of the
hands, lift off the ground
and gently tap the ground
with the buttocks several
times.
9. MANDUKI-MUDRA
“Frog seal”
The body retains “perpetual
youth”
Press the tip of the tongue
against the palette.
10. MATANGINI-MUDRA
“Elephant seal”
Destroys decay and death,
confers great strength “like
an elephant” (Gheranda)
Stand in neck-deep water.
First draw in water through
the nostrils and expel it out
the mouth; then draw in
water through the mouth
and expel it through the
nostrils.
11. MULA-BANDHA*✝
“Root seal”
Destroys decay; controls
prana
Press the left heel against
the anus and contract the
rectum (ashvini-mudra);
press the intestines near
the navel against the spine;
press the right heel against
the pubis.
12. NABHO-MUDRA
“Ether seal”
Destroys all disease
“In whatever business a
Yogi may be engaged,
wherever he may be, let
him always keep his tongue
turned upwards (towards
the soft palate), and
restrain the breath
(Gheranda). Similar to
khecari-mudra (5).
13-17. PANCHA-DHARANA (“Five concentrations”). These are listed in the order of density of elements, earth being
the densest element, ether the most subtle:
13. PARTHIVI-MUDRA
“Earthy seal” (also called
adho-dharana)
  Conquers the “Earth” and
causes steadiness
14. AMBHASI-MUDRA
“Watery seal”
Destroys all sorrows
 
15. AGNEYI-MUDRA
“Fiery seal”
Destroys death
 
16. VAYAVI-MUDRA
“Air seal”
Destroys decay and death
 
17. AKASHI-MUDRA
“Ethereal seal” (also called
nabho-dharana)
Destroys death
 
18. PASHINI-MUDRA
“Bird-catcher seal”
Awakens Kundalini
Wrap the legs around the
neck, like yoga-nidrasana
(“Yoga sleep”).
19. SHAKTI-CALANI-MUDRA+
“Stirring-the-power seal”
Destroys decay and death
Sit in siddhasana. There are
two different descriptions
of this seal. Rub the body
with ashes and wrap the
loins with a soft, white
cloth, one cubit long and
three inches wide. Restrain
the inhalation, perform
ashvini-mudra. Completes
yoni-mudra (Gheranda). Sit
in vajrasana, inhale through
the right nostril and
restrain the breath. Hold
the ankles (Svatmarama).
20. SHAMBHAVI-MUDRA*▲
“Shambhu”s seal”
“He who knows this
Shambhavi . . . is Brahma
(GS 3.66)
Fix the gaze between the
eyebrows.
21. TADAGI-MUDRA
“Tank seal”
Destroys decay and death
Sit in paschimottanasana
and hollow the abdomen like
a “tank.”
22. UDDIYANA-BANDHA*
“Flying-up lock”
The “Great Bird” forced up
into the sushumna; makes
emancipation easy;
conquers death
Forcefully contract the
abdomen and press the
viscera up towards the
diaphragm and back
towards the spine.
23. VAJRONI-MUDRA
Sometimes VAJROLI
“Thunderbolt”
Awakens Shakti, causes
long life, emancipation
Sit with legs raised, hands
on ground (looks like
paripurna navasana with
hands on floor).
24.
VIPARITA-KARANI-MUDRA+*
“Inverse action seal”
Destroys decay and death;
yogi will not “perish even at
Pralaya” (i.e. dissolution of
the universe)
Perform Headstand.
Sometimes describes as
Shoulderstand.
25. YONI-MUDRA
“Perineal seal”
Never polluted by sins
 
26. UDDANA-BANDHA
“Upward lock”
Destroys sins, sorrows,
disease and death; purifies
the navel (and thereby the
“winds”), and kindles
gastric fire; gives vigraha-
siddhi (“power over the
microcosm”)
Described only in
Shiva-Samhita. The viscera
below and above the navel
are brought to the left side
above the navel.